Sonication

Ultrasonic homogenizers, the modern version of "mortar and pestle", they can disrupt tissues and cells through cavitation and ultrasonic waves.  Basically, an ultrasonic homogenizer has a tip which very rapidly vibrates, causing bubbles in the surrounding solution to rapidly form and collapse.  This creates shear and shock waves which tear apart cells and particles.

Ultrasonic Homogenizers are recommended for homogenization and lysis of laboratory samples that do not require traditional grinding or rotor-stator cutting techniques for processing. Small and large ultrasonic probes are used in a variety of sample volumes to be processed. A solid probe allows for less chance of sample loss and cross-contamination between samples.